GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK SOUTH EASTERN REGION BHUBANESWAR
Groundwater is a major natural replenishable resource to meet the water requirement for irrigation, domestic and industrial needs. It plays a key role in the agrarian economy of the state. Though richly endowed with various natural resources, the state of Orissa has a long way to go before it can call itself developed. Being heavily dependent on rain fed agriculture; the state is very often exposed to vagaries of monsoon like flood and drought. The importance of groundwater in mitigating the intermittent drought condition of a rain-fed economy cannot be overemphasized.
The average annual rainfall of the state is 1502.5mm. Nearly 86% of the annual rainfall is contributed by the southwest monsoon. From the departure data it is discerned that from 1980 to 2014, negative departures is seen in most of the years. During 2006 there was more rainfall than the normal in all most all the districts.
The state is underlain by diversified rock types which range in age from Precambrian to the Cenozoic age. The Precambrians occupy nearly 80% of the total geological area of the state. A total number of 1606 Hydrograph Network Stations have so far been established and are being monitored in the state. Besides this 89 piezometers have been constructed under World Bank aided Hydrology Project and are being monitored manually.
During April 2016, the water level (meter below ground level) in the state varies from minimum of 0.2 mbgl in Bargarh district to a maximum of 18.8 mbgl in Angul district and water levels mostly range from 2 to 10 mbgl. Some wells in the hilly districts recorded water level in 10-20 m range.During August 2016, the depth to water level ranges from 0.05 to 11.4 mbgl and in majority (53%) of NHS wells level was in the range of 0-2 m below ground level and 38.4% of wells in 2-5 m below ground level.
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