3D COMPUTER GRAPHICS
FOR UPSC, SSC, RAILWAYS, NDA, CDS & STATE PCS, IAS, IBPS, CAT.
 |
| 3D computer graphic |
3Dc
3 Dc is a lossy data compression algorithm for normal maps invented and first implemented by ATI. It builds upon the earlier DXT5 algorithm and is an open standard. 3Dc is now implemented by both ATI and NVIDIA. Target Application The target application, normal mapping, is an extension of bump mapping that simulates lighting on geometric surfaces by reading surface normals from a rectilinear grid analogous to a texture map - giving simple models the impression of increased complexity.Although processing costs are reduced, memory costs are greatly inc reased. Pre-existing lossy compression algorithms implemented on consumer 3d hardware lacked the precision necessary for reproducing normal maps without excessive visible artefacts, justifying the development of 3Dc.
Although 3Dc was formally introduced with the ATI x800 series cards, there is also an S3TC compatible version planned for the older R3xx series, and cards from other companies. The quality and compression will not be as good, but the visual errors will still be significantly less than offered by standard S3TC. Algorithm Surface normals are three dimensional vectors of unit length. Because of the length constraint only two elements of any normal need be stored. The input is therefore an array of two dimensional values. Compression is performed in 4x4 blocks. In each block the two components of each value are compressed separately. This produces two sets of 16 numbers for compression. The compression is achieved by finding the lowest and highest values of the 16 to be compressed and storing each of those as an 8-bit quantity. Individual elements within the 4x4 block are then stored with 3-bits each, representing their position on an 8 step linear scale from the lowest value to the highest.
Total storage is 128 bits per 4x4 block once both source components are factored in. In an uncompressed scheme with similar 8-bit precision, the source data is 32 8-bit values for the same area, occupying 256 bits. The algorithm therefore produces a 2:1 compression ratio. The compression ratio is sometimes stated as being "up to 4:1" as it is common to use 16-bit precision for input data rather than 8-bit.
Book Name: 3D computer graphysics
Publication: Pedia press
Language: English
Pages: 385
Size: 6 Mb
Format: pdf
Uploaded: Google drive
3D COMPUTER GRAPHICS
what is the good thing of this book??
The author has clearly explained the concepts. The entire book is written in a systematic manner. The whole material is classified into type wise according to the level of difficulty of the questions. It contains different - different varieties of question too.
जो लोग अपनी राय /सुझाव देना चाहते हैं वे हमें नीचे लिखे ID पर दे सकते है / If you want to give me any your precious suggestion please write on below mention ID.
Essential Instruction: - We have no right over any material in any way. All the content of the entire material goes to their original writer and publisher. If anyone has objection to any content published on this blog, please contact us.
CREDIT :- All image credit goes to internet..
use this content for evaluation purpose only. always buy original books and support the respected authors ....
